Hi l4Hackers,

I want to run the l4linux given in l4re-snapshot-2014092821. So, I built the fiasco and the l4re. I created an iso image with grub2 and the modules given in example (entry l4linux) as test:

make grub2iso E=L4linux MODULES_LIST=$cwd/l4/conf/modules.list MODULE_SEARCH_PATH=$cwd/kernel/fiasco/mybuild
qemu-system-i386 -m 512M -cdrom l4linux.iso -serial file:$cwd/log

I enabled needed options such as the VPCI bus and followed the instructions given in mails approaching my problem (http://os.inf.tu-dresden.de/pipermail/l4-hackers/2013/005938.html and http://os.inf.tu-dresden.de/pipermail/l4-hackers/2011/004861.html ). I can launch Linux but the boot crashes.

I also tried with VBUS and modaddr 0x02000000 with the same result. So I put the logs in a file. I tried unsuccessfully to see my mistake.

In addition, are the last warnings a problem?

My configuration:

I run a Kubuntu in a Vm:
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
Release:        14.04
it’s a x86-32bit

I have: gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2
I wanted to compile for i386.

I give to you the log file, the module list, and the l4lx-gfx.cfg used in modules.

Thanks in advance for your help,

Nicolas


 

################################### log #########################################

L4 Bootstrapper

  Build: #2 mardi 27 janvier 2015, 15:47:44 (UTC+0100), x86-32, 4.8.2

  RAM: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fbff: 639kB

  RAM: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fffdfff: 523256kB

  Total RAM: 511MB

  Scanning fiasco -serial_esc

  Scanning sigma0

  Scanning moe rom/l4lx-gfx.cfg

  need 1244 bytes to copy MBI

  reserved 1244 bytes at 0x2000

  Moving up to 13 modules behind 1100000

  moving module 12 { 22a1000-25a0fff } -> { 318c000-348bfff } [3145728]

  moving module 11 { 1dc0000-22a0ccc } -> { 2cab000-318bccc } [5115085]

  moving module 08 { 195d000-1dbf07b } -> { 2848000-2caa07b } [4595836]

  moving module 07 { 17d4000-195cea8 } -> { 26bf000-2847ea8 } [1609385]

  moving module 06 { 8c3000-17d30c3 } -> { 17ae000-26be0c3 } [15794372]

  moving module 04 { 66c000-8c2741 } -> { 1557000-17ad741 } [2451266]

  moving module 03 { 532000-66b48c } -> { 141d000-155648c } [1283213]

  moving module 02 { 2e0000-531e7b } -> { 11cb000-141ce7b } [2432636]

  moving module 10 { 214000-214226 } -> { 11ca000-11ca226 } [551]

  moving module 09 { 213000-21323e } -> { 11c9000-11c923e } [575]

  moving module 05 { 212000-21256a } -> { 11c8000-11c856a } [1387]

  moving module 01 { 1bc000-211dca } -> { 1172000-11c7dca } [351691]

  moving module 00 { 14a000-1bb4f7 } -> { 1100000-11714f7 } [464120]

  Loading fiasco

  Loading sigma0

  Loading moe

  find kernel info page...

  found kernel info page at 0x400000

Regions of list 'regions'

    [        0,       fff] {     1000} Arch   BIOS

    [     1000,      1fff] {     1000} Kern   fiasco

    [     2000,      24db] {      4dc} Root   mbi_rt

    [    9fc00,     9ffff] {      400} Arch   BIOS

    [    f0000,     fffff] {    10000} Arch   BIOS

    [   100000,    10b193] {     b194} Sigma0 sigma0

    [   140000,    193363] {    53364} Root   moe

    [   2d0400,    2df43f] {     f040} Boot   bootstrap

    [   300000,    38ffff] {    90000} Kern   fiasco

    [   400000,    475fff] {    76000} Kern   fiasco

    [  11c8000,   11cafff] {     3000} Root   Module

    [  141d000,   348bfff] {  206f000} Root   Module

    [ 1fffe000,  1fffffff] {     2000} Arch   BIOS

    [ fffc0000,  ffffffff] {    40000} Arch   BIOS

  API Version: (87) experimental

  Sigma0 config    ip:0010021c sp:00000000

  Roottask config  ip:001401f6 sp:00000000

  Starting kernel fiasco at 00300854

 

[1;32mWelcome to Fiasco.OC (ia32)!

[0;32mL4/Fiasco.OC ia32 microkernel (C) 1998-2013 TU Dresden

Rev: unknown compiled with gcc 4.8.2 for Intel Pentium Pro    []

Build: #12 Tue Jan 27 15:29:54 CET 2015

[0m

[31mPerformance-critical config option(s) detected:

  CONFIG_NDEBUG is off

[m

Superpages: yes

Kmem:: cpu page at 1fff8000 (4096Bytes)

ACPI-Init

ACPI: RSDP[0xf09e0]     r00 OEM:BOCHS.

ACPI: RSDT[0x203ffbc1]               r01 OEM:BOCHS. OEMTID:BXPCRSDT

ACPI: FACP[0x203ff1c0]               r01 OEM:BOCHS. OEMTID:BXPCFACP

ACPI: SSDT[0x203ff234]               r01 OEM:BOCHS. OEMTID:BXPCSSDT

ACPI: APIC[0x203ffb11]               r01 OEM:BOCHS. OEMTID:BXPCAPIC

ACPI: HPET[0x203ffb89]               r01 OEM:BOCHS. OEMTID:BXPCHPET

IO-APIC: MADT = 0x203ffb11

IO-APIC[ 0]: struct: 0x203ffb45 adr=fec00000

IO-APIC[ 0]: pins 24

  PIN[ 0m]: vector=20, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 1m]: vector=21, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 2m]: vector=22, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 3m]: vector=23, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 4m]: vector=24, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 5m]: vector=25, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 6m]: vector=26, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 7m]: vector=27, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 8m]: vector=28, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[ 9m]: vector=29, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[10m]: vector=2a, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[11m]: vector=2b, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[12m]: vector=2c, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[13m]: vector=2d, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[14m]: vector=2e, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[15m]: vector=2f, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[16m]: vector=30, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[17m]: vector=31, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[18m]: vector=32, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[19m]: vector=33, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[20m]: vector=34, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[21m]: vector=35, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[22m]: vector=36, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

  PIN[23m]: vector=37, del=0, dm=physical, dest=0 (high, edge)

IO-APIC: dual 8259: yes

IO-APIC: ovr[ 0] 00 -> 2 0

IO-APIC: ovr[ 1] 05 -> 5 d

IO-APIC: ovr[ 2] 09 -> 9 d

IO-APIC: ovr[ 3] 0a -> a d

IO-APIC: ovr[ 4] 0b -> b d

Allocate cpu_mem @ 0xfeffa400

FPU0: SSE

Local APIC[00]: version=11 max_lvt=5

APIC ESR value before/after enabling: 00000000/00000000

Using the Local APIC timer on vector 90 (Periodic Mode) for scheduling

ACPI: FACS phys=1fffe000 virt=0x203fe000

ACPI: HW sig=0

SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 4 for serial uart

Absolute KIP Syscalls using: Sysenter

Enable MSI support: chained IRQ mgr @ 0xfeffa150

SERIAL ESC: allocated IRQ 4 for serial uart

Not using serial hack in slow timer handler.

CPU[0]: GenuineIntel (6:6:3:0)[00000663] Model: QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.0.0 at 3392MHz

 

  32 KB L1 I Cache (8-way associative, 64 bytes per line)

  32 KB L1 D Cache (8-way associative, 64 bytes per line)

2048 KB L2 U Cache (8-way associative, 64 bytes per line)

 

Freeing init code/data: 24576 bytes (6 pages)

 

Calibrating timer loop... done.

MDB: use page size: 22

MDB: use page size: 12

SIGMA0: Hello!

  KIP @ 400000

  Found Fiasco: KIP syscalls: yes

  allocated 4KB for maintenance structures

SIGMA0: Dump of all resource maps

RAM:------------------------

[4:2000;2fff]

[0:3000;9efff]

[0:10c000;13ffff]

[4:140000;193fff]

[0:194000;3fffff]

[0:470000;11c7fff]

[4:11c8000;11cafff]

[0:11cb000;141cfff]

[4:141d000;348bfff]

[0:348c000;1d70ffff]

IOMEM:----------------------

[0:0;fff]

[0:9f000;fffff]

[0:1fffe000;febfffff]

[0:fec01000;fedfffff]

[0:fee01000;ffffffff]

IO PORTS--------------------------

[0:0;fffffff]

MOE: Hello world

MOE: found 447912 KByte free memory

MOE: found RAM from 2000 to 1d710000

MOE: allocated 471 KByte for the page array @0x3000

MOE: virtual user address space [0-bfffffff]

MOE: rom name space cap -> [C:501000]

  BOOTFS: [141d000-155648d] [C:503000] l4re

  BOOTFS: [1557000-17ad742] [C:504000] ned

  BOOTFS: [11c8000-11c856b] [C:505000] l4lx-gfx.cfg

  BOOTFS: [17ae000-26be0c4] [C:506000] io

  BOOTFS: [26bf000-2847ea9] [C:507000] fb-drv

  BOOTFS: [2848000-2caa07c] [C:508000] mag

  BOOTFS: [11c9000-11c923f] [C:509000] x86-legacy.devs

  BOOTFS: [11ca000-11ca227] [C:50a000] l4lx-x86.io

  BOOTFS: [2cab000-318bccd] [C:50b000] vmlinuz

  BOOTFS: [318c000-348c000] [C:50c000] ramdisk-x86.rd

No fpage received

MOE: cmdline: moe rom/l4lx-gfx.cfg

MOE: Starting: rom/ned rom/l4lx-gfx.cfg

MOE: loading 'rom/ned'

Ned says: Hi World!

Ned: loading file: 'rom/l4lx-gfx.cfg'

[37mio      | Io service[0m

[37mio      | Find root Pointer[0m

[37mio      | Find root Pointer: f09e0[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: RSDP 0xf09e0 00014 (v00 BOCHS )[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: RSDT 0x1ffffbc1 00034 (v01 BOCHS  BXPCRSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: FACP 0x1ffff1c0 00074 (v01 BOCHS  BXPCFACP 00000001 BXPC 00000001)[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: DSDT 0x1fffe040 01180 (v01 BOCHS  BXPCDSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: FACS 0x1fffe000 00040[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: SSDT 0x1ffff234 008DD (v01 BOCHS  BXPCSSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: APIC 0x1ffffb11 00078 (v01 BOCHS  BXPCAPIC 00000001 BXPC 00000001)[0m

[37mio      | ACPI: HPET 0x1ffffb89 00038 (v01 BOCHS  BXPCHPET 00000001 BXPC 00000001)[0m

[37mio      | Parsing all Control Methods:[0m

[37mio      | Table [[0m[37mDSDT](id 0001) - 144 Objects with 18 Devices 52 Methods 8 Regions[0m

[37mio      | Parsing all Control Methods:[0m

[37mio      | Table [[0m[37mSSDT](id 0002) - 155 Objects with 32 Devices 42 Methods 1 Regions[0m

[37mio      | tbxfload-0274 [02] TbLoadNamespace       : ACPI Tables successfully acquired[0m

[37mio      | evxfevnt-0175 [02] Enable                : Transition to ACPI mode successful[0m

[37mio      | evgpeblk-0523 [04] EvCreateGpeBlock      : GPE 00 to 0F [_GPE] 2 regs on int 0x9[0m

[37mio      | Completing Region/Field/Buffer/Package initialization:.....................................[0m

[37mio      | Initialized [0m[37m9/9 Regions 2/2 Fields 21/21 Buffers 5/5 Packages (308 nodes)[0m

[37mio      | Initializing Device/Processor/Thermal objects by executing _INI methods:[0m

[37mio      | Executed [0m[37m0 _INI methods requiring 1 _STA executions (examined 53 objects)[0m

[37mio      | ACPICA-Version:20121018, System in ACPI MODE, 32bit timer[0m

[37mio      | evgpeblk-0615 [03] EvInitializeGpeBlock  : Enabled 16 GPEs in this block[0m

[37mio      | IRQ     [00000000000000-00000000000000 1] none (32bit) (align=0 flags=40201)[0m

[37mio      | IRQ     [00000000000000-00000000000000 1] none (32bit) (align=0 flags=40201)[0m

[37mio      | rom/l4lx-x86.io[0m[37m:[0m[37m17[0m[37m.[0m[37m28[0m[37m-[0m[37m36[0m[37m: warning: could not find '[0m[37mPNP0100[0m[37m'[0m[37m[0m

[37mio      | Ready. Waiting for request.[0m

[37mmag     | Hello from MAG[0m

[37mfb-drv  | Trying execution of ``set VBE mode'' using x86emu[0m

[37mfb-drv  | Found VESA BIOS version 3.0[0m

[37mfb-drv  | OEM [0m[37mSeaBIOS VBE(C) 2011[0m

[37mfb-drv  | VBE mode 0x117 successfully set.[0m

[37mfb-drv  | Framebuffer memory: phys: fc000000 - fc400000[0m

[37mfb-drv  |                     virt: 400000 - 800000[0m

[37mfb-drv  | Starting server loop[0m

[37mmag     | mapped frame buffer at 0x400000[0m

[37mmag     | View::Info:[0m

[37mmag     |   flags: 0[0m

[37mmag     |   size:  1024x768  pos: 0, 0[0m

[37mmag     |   bytes_per_line: 2048[0m

[37mmag     |   buffer_offset:  0[0m

[37mmag     |   RGBA(2): 5(11):6(5):5(0):0(0)[0m

[37mmag     |   memory 400000-800000[0m

[37mmag     | Plugin: Mag_client service started[0m

[37mmag     | Plugin: Frame-buffer service started[0m

[37mmag     | L4INPUT native mode activated[0m

[37mmag     | L4INPUT:                !!! W A R N I N G !!![0m

[37mmag     | L4INPUT:  Please, do not use Fiasco's "-esc" with L4INPUT.[0m

[37mmag     | L4INPUT:                !!! W A R N I N G !!![0m[37m[0m

[37mmag     | serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12[0m

[37mmag     | serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1[0m

[37mmag     | input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse on isa0060/serio1[0m

[37mmag     | input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard on isa0060/serio0[0m

[37mmag     | connect "ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse", isa0060/serio1/input0[0m

[37mmag     | connect "AT Translated Set 2 keyboard", isa0060/serio0/input0[0m

[33ml4linux | PH  0 (t:        1) offs=00001000 vaddr=00400000 vend=007d0000[0m

[33ml4linux |                     phys=[0m[33m00400000 ephys=007d0000[0m

[33ml4linux |                     f_sz=[0m[33m003d0000 memsz=003d0000 flgs=r-x[0m

[33ml4linux | PH  1 (t:        1) offs=003d1000 vaddr=007d0000 vend=008e3000[0m

[33ml4linux |                     phys=[0m[33m007d0000 ephys=008e3000[0m

[33ml4linux |                     f_sz=[0m[33m00063316 memsz=00113000 flgs=rw-[0m

[33ml4linux | PH  2 (t:        4) offs=002eb18c vaddr=006ea18c vend=006ea1b0[0m

[33ml4linux |                     phys=[0m[33m006ea18c ephys=006ea1b0[0m

[33ml4linux |                     f_sz=[0m[33m00000024 memsz=00000024 flgs=---[0m

[33ml4linux | Starting binary at 0x400000, argc=6 argv=0xafff4f90 *argv=0xb1007ff4 argv0=rom/vmlinuz[0m

[33ml4linux | External resolver is at 0xa80006f9[0m

[33ml4linux | [34;1m======> L4Linux starting... <========[0m[0m

[33ml4linux | Linux version 3.16.0-l4 (novasys@ubuntu) (gcc version 4.8.2 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) ) #54 Fri Jan 30 10:35:02 CET 2015[0m

[33ml4linux | Binary name: rom/vmlinuz[0m

[33ml4linux | Linux kernel command line (5 args): mem=64M console=tty0 l4x_rd=rom/ramdisk-x86.rd root=1:0 ramdisk_size=4000[0m

[33ml4linux | CPU mapping (l:p)[1]: 0:0[0m

[33ml4linux | Image: 00400000 - 008e3000 [5004 KiB].[0m

[33ml4linux | Areas: Text:     00400000 - 007d0000 [3904kB] (a bit longer)[0m

[33ml4linux |        Data:     007d0000 - 00805700 [213kB][0m

[33ml4linux |        Initdata: 00807000 - 00834000 [180kB][0m

[33ml4linux |        BSS:      00834000 - 008cd000 [612kB][0m

[33ml4linux | gs=43   fs=43[0m

[33ml4linux | Device scan:[0m

[33ml4linux |   Device: L4ICU[0m

[33ml4linux |   Device: PCI0[0m

[33ml4linux |   Device: pci_l4x[0000][0m

[33ml4linux |     PORT: 0000c040 - 0000c04f[0m

[33ml4linux |     PORT: 000001f0 - 000001f7[0m

[33ml4linux |     PORT: 000003f6 - 000003f6[0m

[33ml4linux |     IRQ: 0000000e - 0000000e[0m

[33ml4linux |     PORT: 00000170 - 00000177[0m

[33ml4linux |     PORT: 00000376 - 00000376[0m

[33ml4linux |     IRQ: 0000000f - 0000000f[0m

[33ml4linux |   Device: pci_l4x[0001][0m

[33ml4linux |     IRQ: 0000000b - 0000000b[0m

[33ml4linux |     MEM: febc0000 - febdffff[0m

[33ml4linux |     PORT: 0000c000 - 0000c03f[0m

[33ml4linux | Device scan done.[0m

[33ml4linux | l4x_fiasco_gdt_entry_offset = 9[0m

[33ml4linux | rtc not found[0m

[33ml4linux | WARNING: RTC server does not seem to be there![0m

[33ml4linux | l4lx_thread_create: Created thread 417 (cpu0) (u:b3000e00, v:b3000c00, sp:007d1fac)[0m

[33ml4linux | main thread will be 417[0m

[33ml4linux | l4x_register_pointer_section: addr = 007d0000 size = 1126400[0m

[33ml4linux | section-with-init: Virt: 0x7d0000 to 0x8e2fff [1100 KiB][0m

[33ml4linux | section-with-init: Phys: 0x00ab5000 to 0x00bc7fff, [1100 KiB][0m

[33ml4linux | Main thread running, waiting...[0m

[33ml4linux | WARNING: Unknown wrmsr: 0000008b at 0x410c07[0m

[33ml4linux | L4x: Memory size: 64MB[0m

[33ml4linux | L4x: Setting superpages for main memory[0m

[33ml4linux | L4x: Adjusted memory start: 00400000[0m

[33ml4linux |     Main memory: Virt: 0xc00000 to 0x4bfffff [65536 KiB][0m

[33ml4linux |     Main memory: Phys: 0x03800000 to 0x077fffff, [65536 KiB][0m

[33ml4linux | l4x: vmalloc area: 04c00000 - 0cc00000[0m

[33ml4linux | Filling lower ptabs...[0m

[33ml4linux | Done (1819 entries).[0m

[33ml4linux | l4x_register_pointer_section: addr = 00400000 size = 3997696[0m

[33ml4linux |            text: Virt: 0x400000 to 0x7cffff [3904 KiB][0m

[33ml4linux |            text: Phys: 0x0064f000 to 0x00a1efff, [3904 KiB][0m

[33ml4linux | Loading: rom/ramdisk-x86.rd[0m

[33ml4linux | INITRD: Size of RAMdisk is 3072KiB[0m

[33ml4linux | RAMdisk from 0cd1b000 to 0d01b000 [3072KiB][0m

[33ml4linux | rtc not found[0m

[33ml4linux | l4lx_thread_create: Created thread 41e (timer0) (u:b3000a00, v:00000000, sp:00861fa8)[0m

[33ml4linux | WARNING: Unknown wrmsr: 0000008b at 0x410c07[0m

[33ml4linux | WARNING: Unknown rdmsr: 00000186 at 0x80e632[0m

[33ml4linux | WARNING: Unknown rdmsr: 00000187 at 0x80e632[0m

[33ml4linux | WARNING: Unknown wrmsr: 000000c1 at 0x80e704[0m

[33ml4linux | Invalid IO-Port access at pc = 0081c97a port=0x110[0m

[33ml4linux | Die message: Trap: 13[0m

[33ml4linux | panic: going to sleep forever, bye[0m

#################################### l4lx-gfx.cfg ###########################

-- vim:set ft=lua:

 

loader = L4.default_loader;

 

local lxname = "vmlinuz";

if L4.Info.arch() == "arm" then

  lxname = "vmlinuz.arm";

end

 

-- Start io

 

vbus_l4linux = loader:new_channel();

vbus_input   = loader:new_channel();

vbus_fbdrv   = loader:new_channel();

 

loader:start(

  {

    caps = {

      sigma0  = L4.cast(L4.Proto.Factory, L4.Env.sigma0):create(L4.Proto.Sigma0);

      icu     = L4.Env.icu;

      input   = vbus_input:svr();

      l4linux = vbus_l4linux:svr();

      fbdrv   = vbus_fbdrv:svr();

    },

  }, "rom/io rom/x86-legacy.devs rom/l4lx-x86.io");

 

-- Start fb-drv (but only if we need to)

local fb = L4.Env.vesa;

if (not fb) then

  fb = loader:new_channel();

  loader:start({ caps = { fb = fb:svr(), vbus = vbus_fbdrv }},

               "rom/fb-drv -m 0x117");

end

 

local mag_mag = loader:new_channel();

local mag_svc = loader:new_channel();

 

-- Start mag

loader:start(

  {

    caps = {

      vbus = vbus_input;

      mag  = mag_mag:svr();

      svc  = mag_svc:svr();

      fb   = fb;

    },

  }, "rom/mag");

 

 

-- Start Linux

loader:start(

  { caps = {

      log = L4.Env.log:m("rws"),

      fb  = mag_svc:create(L4.Proto.Goos, "g=640x480");

      vbus = vbus_l4linux;

    },

    l4re_dbg = L4.Dbg.Warn,

    log = { "l4linux", "yellow" },

  },

  "rom/" .. lxname .. " mem=64M console=tty0 l4x_rd=rom/ramdisk-" ..  L4.Info.arch() .. ".rd root=1:0 ramdisk_size=4000");

############################## modules.list ######################################

modaddr 0x01100000

 

default-kernel fiasco -serial_esc

default-bootstrap bootstrap

 

entry L4Linux

roottask moe rom/l4lx-gfx.cfg

module l4re

module ned

module l4lx-gfx.cfg

module io

module fb-drv

module mag

module x86-legacy.devs

module l4lx-x86.io

module vmlinuz

module ramdisk-x86.rd